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Medication for Treating Acid Reflux and Heartburn

Understanding Acid Reflux and Heartburn

Acid reflux happens when stomach acid flows back into your oesophagus, causing irritation and a burning sensation known as heartburn. Frequent acid reflux may be a sign of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a chronic condition that can affect your quality of life if left untreated. 

Fortunately, several medications for acid reflux are available to help relieve symptoms. If you’re unsure whether your symptoms point to GERD or acid reflux, read our guide to understanding GERD.

What is The Best Treatment for Acid Reflux?

In general, there are 3 types of medication for the treatment of heartburn:

When it comes to treating acid reflux, lifestyle changes and diet adjustments are important, but medication is often needed especially for persistent or severe cases. In Singapore, both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription acid reflux medications are commonly used. 

There are three types of acid reflux medicine available:

  • Antacids
  • Histamine-2 (H2) Blockers
  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

Each targets stomach acid in different ways, and the right one depends on the frequency and severity of your symptoms. 

1. Antacids: Relief for Occasional Acid Reflux

Antacids offer relief by neutralising existing stomach acid. They’re an OTC acid reflux medication in Singapore for people experiencing mild, occasional symptoms after eating. 

Things to note: 

  • Use antacids only as directed.
  • Overuse may cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, or bloating.
  • They’re not a long-term solution for chronic acid reflux or GERD.

If your symptoms persist beyond two weeks of regular antacid use, it’s best to consult an acid reflux specialist for further evaluation.

2. Histamine-2 (H2) Blockers: Acid Reflux Reduction for Moderate Symptoms

Histamine-2 blockers, or H2 blockers, reduce acid production in the stomach. They are suitable for those experiencing frequent heartburn or nighttime reflux. 

These medications for acid reflux are available both OTC and by prescription. They’re typically used for short to mid-term management and may take a few hours to take effect. 

Potential side effects: 

  • Headaches
  • Nausea
  • Constipation or diarrhoea

H2 blockers can also lose effectiveness over time, which is why they are sometimes used alongside lifestyle changes for better long-term results.

3. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Relief for Chronic Acid Reflux

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a type of acid reflux medications to treat heartburn and acid reflux. They block the enzyme responsible for acid production, making it effective for managing symptoms such as burning sensations, chest pain and regurgitation. 

PPIs are commonly prescribed for: 

  • Persistent GERD
  • Esophagitis
  • Barrett’s oesophagus

Things to note:

  • PPIs should be only used under medical supervision.
  • Long-term use may be linked to nutritional deficiencies and gut flora changes.
  • Avoid taking PPIs for more than 8 weeks unless advised by a doctor.

PPIs  are often part of a broader care plan that includes dietary changes, lifestyle adjustments, and follow-up evaluations. 

What Happens if Acid Reflux Medications Don’t Work?

If antacids or prescription medications for acid reflux haven’t provided lasting relief, it may be time to explore other treatment options. It’s important to know that acid reflux medications (especially antacids) are not suitable for long-term use. Prolonged reliance can sometimes worsen symptoms or mask an underlying condition like GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease).

There are several steps you can take if medications don't work your acid reflux:

#1

Change Your Diet

Dietary changes are often the first line of defence against persistent acid reflux. Avoid foods that commonly trigger heartburn and reflux, including:

  • Spicy or acidic dishes
  • Fatty and fried foods
  • Tomatoes and citrus fruits
  • Chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol

Eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding food at least 2–3 hours before bed can help reduce reflux episodes.

👉 Learn more about foods that help with acid reflux in our GERD diet guide.

👉 Also read our blog on foods to avoid for acid reflux and healthy alternatives to better manage symptoms through diet.

#2

Lose Weight

Being overweight increases pressure on your stomach, worsening acid reflux. Adopting a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while reducing calorie intake, can improve symptoms. Regular exercise not only helps with weight loss but also supports digestion and stress reduction both of which can influence reflux.

#3

Elevate the Head of Your Bed

If you experience night-time acid reflux, try raising the head of your bed by about 15cm. This uses gravity to keep stomach acid from flowing back into the oesophagus while you sleep.

#4

Quit Smoking

Smoking weakens the lower oesophageal sphincter—the valve that prevents acid from travelling up the oesophagus. Quitting smoking can significantly improve the effectiveness of acid reflux medications and reduce flare-ups.

#5

Exercise Wisely

Gentle, regular activity can ease reflux symptoms by enhancing digestion. However, avoid high-intensity exercises or routines that involve deep bending (like crunches), as they may trigger reflux. Dr Kan can advise on exercise routines that support your recovery while avoiding symptom aggravation.

👉 Explore our guide: Can exercise help acid reflux? to find out which types of workouts are safe and beneficial.

#6

Consider Surgery for Chronic Acid Reflux

When all other measures fail, surgery may be necessary to treat chronic acid reflux. One such procedure is fundoplication, where the upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the lower oesophageal sphincter to prevent acid from flowing backward. Dr. Kan has extensive experience performing this surgery and can help determine if it’s a suitable option for you.

👉 Find out more about GERD surgery – fundoplication and whether it may be suitable for your condition.

Dr Kan has extensive experience in treating GERD and can help you find the best course of action to take in order to get lasting relief from your condition.

How to relieve heartburn?

It is always best to consult with a doctor who specialises in acid reflux before starting any treatment for acid reflux or heartburn. It is important to address the underlying causes of the condition.

It is always best to consult with a doctor before starting any treatment for acid reflux or heartburn. They will be able to provide personalised recommendations based on your specific case and help you find long-term relief from symptoms. So, don’t hesitate to reach out and discuss your concerns with our doctor when dealing with acid reflux or heartburn.

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Here at KYM Surgery, we believe in providing holistic & comprehensive medical care for all patients.

+65 6443 3133

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Here at KYM Surgery, we believe in providing holistic & comprehensive medical care for all patients.

+65 6443 3133